Method and apparatus for multiple X-ray imaging applications
Inventors
Assignees
Publication Number
US-9001962-B2
Publication Date
2015-04-07
Expiration Date
2032-12-20
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Abstract
The present invention pertains to an apparatus and method for medical imaging comprising rotating two X-ray source-detector pairs around an axis of rotation simultaneously to quickly acquire image data and form a computed tomography (CT) dataset. The sources can be configured to emit radiation from a plurality of discrete locations. The CT dataset can be utilized as a prior to reconstruct a three-dimensional image from subsequent bi-planar imaging with these source-detector pairs.
Core Innovation
The invention relates to an apparatus and method for medical imaging using two X-ray source-detector pairs that are rotated simultaneously around an axis of rotation to rapidly acquire image data and form a computed tomography (CT) dataset. The sources can emit radiation from a plurality of discrete locations, and the image data acquired can be used to reconstruct a three-dimensional image of the subject. This configuration allows for both rotational CT data collection and subsequent static bi-planar imaging with the same source-detector pairs.
A key problem addressed is the need for flexible intraoperative 3-D X-ray imaging that can serve multiple interventional imaging applications, while minimizing radiation dose and providing a larger field of view than conventional low-dose systems. Previous solutions either provided slower, lower-quality intraoperative CT images compared to clinical scanners or were limited in field of view, restricting their clinical utility.
The invention offers a method where two source-detector pairs are rotated through non-overlapping sets of angles, potentially completing image acquisition in less than 3 seconds. The CT dataset obtained serves as a reference for subsequent imaging, such as static bi-planar or tomosynthetic imaging, enabling registration and use as a prior (including Bayesian prior) in image reconstruction or artifact correction. Configurations with sources emitting from multiple discrete locations enable high image quality and efficiency in CT, fluoroscopic, and bi-planar modes, including approaches for maximizing the field of view and optimizing the region of interest exposure.
Claims Coverage
There are two independent claims, each describing a distinct inventive feature relating to medical imaging using multiple X-ray source-detector pairs.
Simultaneous rotation of two X-ray source-detector pairs and non-overlapping angle data acquisition for rapid CT dataset formation
The invention features a method where a first and a second X-ray source-detector pair are rotated through non-overlapping sets of angles around an axis of rotation. Image data is acquired simultaneously from both pairs during rotation and stored to form a computed tomography dataset. Each set of angles can comprise at least 90 degrees, and the rotations can be completed in less than 3 seconds. The method also allows, optionally, for fixing the positions of the source-detector pairs at a predetermined angle, acquiring images while stationary, and utilizing the CT dataset for image registration. The sources may be configured to emit radiation from a plurality of discrete locations or be implemented as point sources.
Combined CT and bi-planar/tomosynthetic imaging with use of prior for 3D reconstruction
The invention provides a method that includes rotating two X-ray source-detector pairs (with sources emitting from pluralities of discrete locations) around an imaging volume to acquire a computed tomography dataset. The pairs are then fixed at a predetermined angle (such as 80 to 100 degrees), and image data is acquired while stationary. A three-dimensional image is reconstructed from this image data, and the computed tomography dataset is utilized as a prior, including as a Bayesian prior, during reconstruction. The reconstruction methods can include maximum-likelihood expectation maximization, ordered-subset expectation maximization, or maximum likelihood algorithm for transmission tomography. The CT dataset may also be used for correcting artifacts in the reconstructed image.
The claims cover rapid and efficient acquisition of three-dimensional CT datasets using dual rotating X-ray source-detector pairs, and methods integrating rotational CT data with stationary bi-planar or tomosynthetic imaging for enhanced 3D reconstruction using priors and advanced algorithms.
Stated Advantages
The system can acquire three-dimensional computed tomography images rapidly, reducing total scan time compared to single source-detector systems.
Using multi-focal spot sources offers lower patient radiation exposure at a given image quality compared to point-source systems.
Combining CT, bi-planar, and fluoroscopy modalities in a single apparatus enables flexible use for various interventional imaging applications.
The invention can provide a larger field of view, making it suitable for a wider range of clinical procedures beyond cardiac applications.
Use of a previously acquired CT dataset as a registration prior or for artifact correction improves image quality and accuracy of subsequent imaging.
Reduced need for patient contrast agent dosing by enabling simultaneous acquisition of two perspectives in bi-planar imaging.
Allows physicians to frequently acquire three-dimensional images during procedures with low radiation concerns due to efficient data acquisition and low-dose approaches.
Documented Applications
Intraoperative computed tomography imaging for diagnosis, guidance, and verification during surgical or interventional procedures.
Bi-planar X-ray imaging, particularly for procedures requiring multiple angular perspectives such as with contrast agents.
Fluoroscopy imaging for real-time guidance during interventional procedures.
Imaging of extremities, including podiatric and dental applications where flexible source-detector separations may be desired.
Pre-operative diagnosis, intraoperative guidance, and post-operative verification in operating rooms and catheterization labs.
Image registration and artifact correction in multi-modality imaging workflows.
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