Inverse geometry volume computed tomography systems
Inventors
Funk, Tobias • Heanue, Joseph Anthony • Hinshaw, Waldo Stephen • Solomon, Edward Gerald • Wilfley, Brian Patrick
Assignees
Publication Number
US-8848862-B2
Publication Date
2014-09-30
Expiration Date
2031-03-18
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Abstract
The present invention pertains to an apparatus and method for inverse geometry volume computed tomography medical imaging of a human patient. A plurality of stationary x-ray sources for producing x-ray radiation are used. A rotating collimator located between the plurality of x-ray sources and the human patient is also used. A rotating detector can also be used.
Core Innovation
The present invention relates to an apparatus and method for computed tomography medical imaging of a human patient, utilizing a plurality of stationary x-ray sources that produce x-ray radiation. A unique feature of this system is the use of a rotating collimator, which is positioned between the stationary sources and the patient to project the x-ray beams through the patient. An x-ray detector measures the amount of radiation that passes through the patient, and the detector itself may also rotate, enhancing data acquisition capabilities.
This design solves significant challenges faced by conventional CT systems, which utilize a single focal spot x-ray source and a large-area detector. The need for a CT imaging system capable of rapid, high-quality imaging with low radiation exposure is driven by requirements such as whole-organ imaging within a single heartbeat and concerns about patient dose, increased scatter, and cone-beam artifacts. While some manufacturers have pursued advanced detector technologies, these come at a high cost and are less practical for large detector areas.
The stationary multi-source and rotating collimator/decorator configuration eliminates the need to rotate heavy x-ray source assemblies, facilitating higher reliability and faster scan times. The system can use advanced detector technologies more efficiently (due to smaller required detector area) and can adapt photon intensity based on patient or object attenuation. The architecture supports high dose efficiency, improved image quality, and reduced cost, thus addressing problems related to excessive radiation dose, image artifacts, and the practical limitations of prior IGCT prototypes.
Claims Coverage
There are two independent claims that define the core inventive features of this invention: one independent apparatus/system claim and one independent method claim.
Computed tomography x-ray imaging system using stationary x-ray sources and a rotating collimator
The system comprises: - A plurality of stationary x-ray sources for producing x-ray radiation. - A collimator located between the stationary x-ray sources and the object for projecting x-ray radiation through the object. - An x-ray detector for measuring the amount of x-ray radiation passing through the object and striking the detector.
Method for producing a computed tomography x-ray image using stationary sources and a moving collimator
The method involves: 1. Producing x-ray radiation from a plurality of stationary x-ray sources. 2. Directing the x-ray radiation towards a collimator. 3. Moving the collimator in an arc around the object. 4. Measuring the amount of x-ray radiation striking a detector.
The independent claims define the invention as a computed tomography x-ray imaging system and method employing multiple stationary x-ray sources, a moving collimator positioned between the sources and the object, and a detector for measuring transmitted radiation.
Stated Advantages
Imaging system can achieve lower radiation dose and is approximately four-fold more dose-efficient than conventional CT systems.
Faster volume acquisition and scan times of less than 300 milliseconds are possible.
System enables whole-organ imaging with no table translation and no cone-beam artifacts.
Allows use of advanced but more expensive detector technologies due to smaller detector area requirement.
Removes high-weight and high-power components from the rotating gantry, allowing easier cooling, increasing reliability, and lowering costs.
Implementation enables operation without anti-scatter grids, improves photon efficiency, and increases dose savings.
Image quality is comparable to standard CT with potential to exceed current performance.
Ability to adjust photon intensity based on patient thickness for further dose optimization.
Reduction in scatter fraction, eliminating the need for anti-scatter grids and improving efficiency.
Supports use of iterative reconstruction algorithms and energy-resolving detectors for enhanced performance.
Documented Applications
Computed tomography medical imaging of a human patient, including whole-organ imaging.
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