Analogs of cyclobenzaprine and amitriptyline
Inventors
Lederman, Seth • Rideout, Darryl • Sullivan, Greg
Assignees
Tonix Pharmaceuticals Holding Corp
Publication Number
US-11517557-B2
Publication Date
2022-12-06
Expiration Date
2038-07-13
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Abstract
The present invention relates to cyclobenzaprine analogs and amitriptyline analogs, including deuterated forms useful for treatment or prevention of symptoms associated with post-traumatic stress disorder.
Core Innovation
The invention relates to novel cyclobenzaprine and amitriptyline analogs, including deuterated forms and specific molecular modifications at R1-R5 positions, which demonstrate similar pharmacodynamic properties as cyclobenzaprine. These analogs are disclosed in formulas A, B, C, and D, and are designed to be useful in the treatment or prevention of symptoms associated with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), among other conditions. Some analogs include special substitutions, such as beta-fluoro alkyl groups and azetidine rings, intended to modify metabolic pathways and receptor affinity profiles.
The problem addressed by the invention is the lack of effective, safe, evidence-based pharmacotherapies for military-related PTSD, especially considering that currently approved treatments such as SSRIs and SNRIs have shown limited efficacy and may be accompanied by significant side effects or limitations. Existing drugs like cyclobenzaprine, though studied for fibromyalgia and sleep disturbances, are limited by the accumulation of long-lived metabolites, such as nor-cyclobenzaprine, which can cause undesirable side effects, including next-day drowsiness.
The disclosed cyclobenzaprine and amitriptyline analogs are structurally designed to decrease the rate of metabolism alpha to nitrogen, thereby reducing the formation of metabolites responsible for persistent side effects. These analogs maintain inhibition at relevant receptors, such as the 5HT2a receptor, important in sleep regulation and PTSD symptomatology. The invention also covers the preparation, formulation, and pharmaceutical compositions of these analogs, providing dosing regimens and options for combination therapies and various administration routes.
Claims Coverage
The claims present several inventive features centered on specific cyclobenzaprine analog compounds, their defined structural features, and their pharmacological advantages.
Cyclobenzaprine analog compounds of Formula A
These compounds have distinct substituents at R1, R2, R3, R4, and R5, with R4 and R5 taken together being able to form a 4-membered saturated ring substituted with one or more fluorines and optionally further substituted with methyl, methoxy, CF3, or CHF2.
Deuterated cyclobenzaprine analogs
The claims cover deuterated variants where positions on R4 and R5, and/or the three carbons connecting nitrogen to the tricyclic ring system, are substituted with deuterium, affecting metabolic stability and half-life.
Amitriptyline analog compounds of Formula A with specific substituents
Analog compounds with specific combinations at R1, R2, R3 (such as C1-4-alkyl, C1-4-alkoxy, OCOR groups) and fused 4-membered saturated rings, further modified by optional substitution with fluorine or other functional groups.
In summary, the inventive features focus on novel cyclobenzaprine and amitriptyline analogs with defined structural substitutions, particularly with 4-membered fluorine-substituted rings and deuteration, to control pharmacokinetics and receptor activity.
Stated Advantages
Analog compounds are designed to decrease the rate of metabolism alpha to nitrogen, thereby reducing the formation of undesirable long-lived metabolites like nor-cyclobenzaprine and minimizing related side effects such as next-day drowsiness.
Deuterated forms may have a longer half-life due to lower rates of metabolism.
Analogs maintain inhibition at pharmacologically relevant receptors, including 5HT2a, which is associated with sleep regulation and PTSD symptom relief.
Very low doses of the analogs can be effective, minimizing side effects observed at higher cyclobenzaprine doses.
Documented Applications
Treatment or prevention of symptoms associated with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), including sleep disturbance and non-sleep disturbance symptoms.
Treatment of muscle spasms, fibromyalgia syndrome, traumatic brain injury, sleep issues, and sleep disturbances associated with other disorders.
Treatment or prevention of the different phases of PTSD development (initiation, consolidation, perpetuation) following a traumatic event.
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